What Is Data Model?discuss The Main Types Of Data Model?

A data model is a diagram used by computer programmers and analysts to show how a system, computer or piece of software will work. This will be created before the program is made and will show the movement of data that will happen when it is working. The types of data model all revolve around the same theory, some are for software and some are for systems.

When making a data model, it should be constructed like a flowchart and should have boxes that represent stationary data and transferable data. It should also have arrows to communicate where the data flows and how it will work.

All of these things will help someone else to understand what the program does and how it will work. It will also help the designer of the software to understand and realize if they are missing anything and whether they have everything that they need to create the output they desire.

Data models will always show the following things;

• Where the data flows to and from.

• Where the data and information will be stored.

• How the background structure of the computer program will look.

• Areas where the computer program will have information input or will output data.

• Where the program will communicate with other programmers.

• Where data will be communicated and passed from one area to another.

A data model will be used in college and also in industry for approval of a piece of software. No work on the program will be done until the data model is agreed and everyone has the same expectations about what will be achieved by the program or software.

This will also show the stakeholders what to expect at the end and they can then make sure that they know how the programmed data will be transferred.

Data Model is basically an abstract model that is used in software engineering. It describes the representation and accession of data. Data models are used for defining the data elements and relationship among the data elements for a specific domain.

There are a number of data models that are used to describe how a database is structures and used, these are"

- Flat Model
- Hierarchical Model
- Network Model
- Relational Model
- Object Relational Model
- Star Schema

A model is an abstraction process that hides data storage details while showing details pertinent to the application.  
A data model is a mechanism that provide this abstraction for data base application.

A representation of a real world process, device or concept is known as model. For example: An atomic model to show the orbital movement of electrons around the nucleus or nuclear model to show the process of nuclear reactor.A data model (or database model) is a collection of concepts that can be used to describe the structure of a database.

It means that the data types, relationships between data, and constraints that should hold on the data are described. The majority of the data models also contain a set of basic operations for specify retrievals and updates procedures on the database.The purpose of a data model is to represent data and to make the data understandable. By using the data model, you can easily design a database. A data model can be divided into three parts these are:

(I) A structural part, which consists of a set of rules according to which databases can be created.
(ii) A manipulating part, which defines the types of operations that are allowed on the data such as retrieving data from database, updating data, changing the structure of database etc.
(iii) A set of integrity rules, which ensure that the data in database is accurate.

We can define data model as group of concepts used to describe the structure of a database. Here structure of database refers to data types, relationships and constraints that must hold for the data. Some data models also include basic operations for updating and retrieving data. Data model also allow a database designer to specify user defined operations.

These user defined operations are allowed on database objects. For example a user defined operation could be compute salary which can be applied to a clerk object. Options like insert, delete, and update are also included in basic data model operations. A data model not only contains the basic operations but it also contains some concepts to specify the dynamic behavior of a database application. Many data models have been proposed, which we can categorized according to the types of concepts they used to describe the database structure.

Three types of data models are used including, high level or conceptual data model, lower or physical data model and representational or implementation data model. Each data model has some specific operations used for different purposes. In any data model, it is important to distinguish between the description of the database and database itself. Description of database is called database schema.

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