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- Listening
- Speaking
- Reading
- Writing
The four English Macro-skills
When someone learns a new language, the first thing they'll learn is to "listen" to that nguage - and identify the different components of speech.
Next, they'll learn to imitate what they've heard - and speak for themselves.
Listening and speaking are considered the two parts of "spoken" language. The terms input and output are used to describe the function of these two skills - with listening being the input of data, and speech being the output.
Reading and writing are the next two macro-skills, and they function along the same input/output principle. Sometimes, people refer to the principle of input/output as reception/production.
What's a linguistic macro-skill? What's a micro-skill?
When it comes to learning language, macro-skills are broad skills that need to be mastered in order to communicate effectively.
The term "micro-skills" refers to specific areas of language that define the rules, semantics, and structure of language. These micro-skills include:
- Grammar
- Vocabulary
- Spelling
- Punctuation.